How to avoid posting a defamatory online review
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How to write an online review which is not defamatory
Under English Law, a defamatory online review might be unlawful if the individual company being defamed suffers reputational and financial harm.
Can you be taken to court for an online review with a suggestive defamatory meaning
How do you decide if an online review is defamatory
Is truth a defence for defamation for online reviews
Is honest belief a defence to a defamation claim for the online reviews
Can you be taken to court for an online review with a suggestive defamatory meaning
You might be taken to court for an online review with a suggestive defamatory meaning only, even though the actual words that you use are not defamatory. Online reviewers are often unaware that in England when it comes to defamation, the reviewer could be liable for defamation not just for the words published as part of the online review, but also for any defamatory innuendo. Innuendo is a hint or a meaning that the reader of the online review might give to the content their read because there is a feeling or a context which invites the defamatory meaning.
It follows that in defamation cases, in England, an online reviewer is unlikely to escape liability just because the express words used were not strictly speaking defamatory. What is important is what readers of the online review understand from reading the review. Internet users’ understanding of a matter often goes beyond the simple words used. Readers of online reviews, in particular, have learned to read between the lines. Furthermore, not saying anything defamatory but rather repeating defamatory statements, express or by innuendo from other online reviews, could also land a reviewer in deep trouble. Sometimes, internet users write various online reviews under different pseudonyms and on different review websites, with the intention to create credibility and validation for their own defamatory posts.
Online Reviews and Defamation Legal Advice FAQ
Yes, you can be taken to court for an online review with a suggestive defamatory meaning, even if the explicit words used are not defamatory. Online reviewers in England can be held liable for defamation based on the implied meaning or innuendo conveyed by the review, as readers often interpret content beyond the literal words.
In defamation cases related to online reviews, the court assesses the meaning of the words used in the context of the entire review. Judges typically apply a reasonable person approach, considering how a reasonable reader would interpret the review. Ambiguities and omissions in the review can influence its meaning and potential defamation.
Truth is generally a valid defense in defamation cases, but when it comes to online reviews, it's crucial to present the whole truth without omissions or mixtures of truth and fiction. Half-truths or selective presentation of facts can still lead to defamation claims. Ensuring evidence supports the truth and verifying facts is essential.
Yes, an honest belief can be a defense against a defamation claim in England. If a reviewer genuinely held a belief at the time of posting the review, even if later proven wrong, it can provide a complete defense. Reviewers should express their genuine opinions, use phrases like "I think" or "I assume," and be prepared to justify their conclusions based on their experiences and facts.
Reviewers should exercise caution when making allegations of criminality or intentions, ensuring they have substantial proof. Base conclusions on personal experiences and be clear about the grounds for such conclusions. Care should be taken with allegations related to someone's state of mind or criminal activities, as these can carry legal implications.
How do you decide if an online review is defamatory
In defamation cases, particularly when the contested matter is a defamatory online review, there could be a major dispute between the reviewer and the person or business being reviewed about whether the online review is in fact defamatory. The court will then take time to consider the actual meaning of the words used, in the context of the entire online review. The question is whose standard, or point of view, do judges need to consider when making a decision about the meaning of the words in defamation cases? Often, the judges would apply a so-called reasonable person approach and will put themselves in a position of a person who is not overly suspicious but not naive either and who will apply life experience and common sense to read the online review.
With this type of person in mind, the judge will make a decision as to what meaning to attribute to the words and context of an online review. Matters that might be taken into consideration are, by way of example, an omission of an important fact, such as that the business issued a refund after the reviewer raised a complaint. Not knowing this important fact might give the online review an entirely different meaning in the eyes of the reasonable reader, which could be defamatory. The subject of the defamatory online review is likely to try to exploit ambiguity and omissions in the online review to show that the review is defamatory, in the absence of significant information. If you write an online review, you should therefore try to eliminate ambiguity and convey your meaning in a precise manner. It is often in your interest to include with the online review all important facts, even if they aren’t in your favour.
Is truth a defence for defamation for online reviews
Truth has always been considered a safe defence in defamation cases. However, when it comes to defamation on online reviews, you would need to consider that half the truth might be worse than a lie and a half. A witness in court has to swear “to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth”.
It follows that telling the truth might not be enough. It has to be the whole truth, no omission of important facts, and nothing but the truth, no mixture of truth and fiction. If you are going to tell a painful truth, make sure that you have evidence to support it. Ensure you double check your facts and claims and that you verify their credibility before publishing. With online views, it is best to post from first-hand knowledge and experience. Avoid posting an online review which is a second or a thirdhand hearsay.
Is honest belief a defence to a defamation claim for the online reviews
There is a defence to a claim of defamation in England, which is an honest belief. The belief needs to have been genuinely held by the review at the time of publication. Even if the belief turned out to be wrong, the fact that it was genuinely held at the time of posting the online review, would provide the reviewer with a complete defence to a claim of defamation. Some online reviewers state their opinion as if it was a fact. When writing an online review, you must be clear that you are expressing your own genuine opinion.
If after a while you discover that your belief was misguided, you should take steps to remove the online review or correct it. You can use phrases such as “I think”; “considering the facts, I concluded that”, “I assume” etc. provided you have good grounds for holding those views. In some cases, you will need to be able to explain why you thought of a business or an individual in a particular way or what in the facts prompted you to come to certain conclusions or assumptions about the business you were reviewing.
You are entitled to come to your own conclusions based on your own experience, but it could be difficult for a reviewer to justify concluding that an owner of a business they have just reviewed is a “thief” or that the business is a “scam” without having any actual proof of that. You must always take particular care with allegations of criminality and allegations about what is going on in someone’s mind (for example, that the business owner intended to rip you off).
